Understanding Strangles in Horses: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Introduction to Strangles
Strangles is a highly contagious and infectious disease that affects horses, caused by the bacterium Streptococcus equi subsp. equi. This ailment has been thrust into the spotlight recently due to a 22-year-old Thoroughbred mare in Kalamazoo County, Michigan, testing positive for the disease. The mare began displaying symptoms on July 16, leading to a quarantine that also involved four other horses. **Understanding strangles and its implications is crucial for horse owners and equine professionals.**Symptoms and Diagnosis
The clinical signs of strangles often include fever, nasal discharge, coughing, swollen or abscessed lymph nodes, muscle swelling, and difficulty swallowing. Interestingly, even horses that appear healthy can harbor and transmit the bacteria, making early diagnosis critical. Typically, diagnosis is achieved through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, using samples from nasal swabs, wash, or abscesses. PCR tests are highly accurate, making them the gold standard for diagnosing strangles and ensuring timely intervention.Transmission and Risks
**Strangles is primarily spread through direct contact with infected horses or contaminated surfaces**. This means any horse in proximity to an infected animal—whether at a boarding facility, a competition, or during transport—can be at risk. Long-term outbreaks can occur if stringent biosecurity measures aren't adhered to. Quarantining new arrivals and maintaining rigorous hygiene standards are essential preventive strategies.Treatment Protocols
When it comes to treatment, managing clinical signs is usually the primary approach. Antibiotics are used sparingly and reserved for severe cases as they can interfere with the horse's natural immunity development. Most horses recover within three to four weeks when given appropriate care. Key to this recovery is supportive care, such as keeping the horse comfortable and hydrated, and ensuring they are in a stress-free environment.The Role of Biosecurity Measures
Effective **biosecurity measures** can significantly reduce the spread of strangles. This includes quarantining new horses for at least two weeks and ensuring high hygiene practices, such as using separate grooming tools and feeding equipment for quarantined horses. Isolation of infected horses and thorough disinfection of contaminated areas and equipment are also critical steps.Vaccination: A Helpful but Imperfect Solution
While there is a vaccine for strangles, its efficacy is not always guaranteed. Some horses may still contract the disease despite vaccination. Therefore, relying solely on vaccination without implementing biosecurity measures can be a risky approach. Ongoing research aims to improve vaccine effectiveness and develop new strategies to combat this stubborn disease.The Importance of the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC)
The Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC) is a valuable resource in the fight against strangles and other equine diseases. Funded by industry donations, the EDCC provides verified reports on equine diseases, helping to monitor and control outbreaks. Their Health Watch program plays a pivotal role in disseminating this information, ensuring horse owners and professionals are well-informed and prepared to take necessary actions.Conclusion: Staying Proactive
In summary, dealing with strangles requires a comprehensive approach—understanding the disease, prioritizing diagnostics, being vigilant about biosecurity, and staying informed through reliable sources like the EDCC. For horse owners and equine professionals, **knowledge is power** when it comes to preventing and managing outbreaks of this highly contagious disease. By taking proactive steps, we can safeguard the health and well-being of our beloved equine companions.Source: The Horse - Michigan Mare Tests Positive for Strangles