An Overview of Strangles in Horses
Strangles is a contagious bacterial infection affecting horses, caused by Streptococcus equi subspecies equi. Known for targeting the upper respiratory tract, this infection can produce severe symptoms that can be frightening for both horse owners and their equine companions. This article delves into the recent outbreak in British Columbia and offers guidelines on understanding, diagnosing, and managing strangles in horses.Recent Outbreak in British Columbia
In a recent event, six horses in British Columbia were reported to have tested positive for strangles. One of these cases was found in Joe Rich, while the remaining were in West Kelowna across two separate facilities. This outbreak highlighted the contagious nature of the disease; thus, all affected horses were placed under quarantine to prevent further spread, as advised by the Equine Disease Communication Center (EDCC).The Mechanics of Strangles and How it Spreads
Strangles primarily affects horses by attacking their respiratory tract and lymph nodes. The condition is named after the characteristic "strangling" sound due to swelling and abscesses in the horse's throat, which can hinder breathing. Transmission occurs through direct contact between horses, shared water sources, and contaminated equipment. Even horses that don't show any signs of the disease can be carriers, spreading the bacterium for weeks or even months. The disease is widespread, often affecting young horses, those with weak immune systems, and horses globally.Identification of Symptoms
Recognizing the symptoms of strangles is vital for timely intervention. Initial signs include a fever exceeding 103°F (39.4°C), appearing within 2-3 days after exposure. This is usually followed by additional symptoms within a week such as:- Swollen lymph nodes in the jaw region that eventually form abscesses.
- Nasal discharge that transitions from clear to a thick, yellowish pus.
- Signs of depression, lethargy, and appetite loss.
- Difficulty in swallowing or breathing, occasional coughing, and in severe cases, a strange inhalation noise.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis
Once symptoms arise, a diagnosis can be confirmed using PCR testing of nasal swabs or abscess fluids. Most cases resolve naturally over weeks as the horse develops immunity; however, severe cases may require antibiotics. Interestingly, overuse of antibiotics might interfere with the horse's ability to build natural immunity. In rare instances, horses may experience deadly complications like "bastard strangles," which involves the formation of abscesses in different organs.Preventive Measures and Biosecurity
Prevention plays an important role in curbing the spread of strangles. Here are some essential biosecurity measures:- Quarantine new horses for at least three weeks and monitor their temperatures closely.
- Regularly disinfect equipment and facilities.
- Avoid horse-to-horse contact and abstain from direct greetings like nose-to-nose interaction.
- Utilize separate water and food systems for individual horses and maintain rigorous personal hygiene.
